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Information Systems for you
Chapter 14 - Weather Forecasting 
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Questions (Page 110)
 
Physical quantity Digital or analogue
Wind speed analogue
Wind direction analogue
Temperature analogue
Rainfall analogue
 
Sensor Digital or analogue
Wind speed (optical sensor) digital
Wind direction (optical sensor) digital
Temperature
(integrated circuit sensor)
analogue
Rainfall (optical sensor) digital
 
Things To Do (page 112)
1(a)
  Random access memory
(b)
  So that the sensors do not need to be connected to the computer all the time. This makes them easier to place in remote locations because they can rely on their own power source.
 
2
To see the way the quantities vary over a unit of time such as a day or a week. Graphs of the quantities against time are usually plotted so the time will be needed for this.
 
3(a)
  Read only memory
(b)
The program is available as soon as the power is switched on since it is not necessary to load it from disk. Program is retained when the power is switched off.
 
4
See chapter
 
5(a)
  Spreadsheet or database
(b)
(i)


(ii)

(iii)
Typically a spreadsheet/graphics package but could use others (even a wordprocessor as many Windows versions now have graphics).
Can't have negative sunshine. Total hours of 25 in a day is also impossible
Since the total is used to calculate the average, the average will be wrong as well.
(c)
  The date of those days when the rainfall is greater than 5 cm are displayed.
(d)
(i)


(ii)

(iii)
Readings would need to be taken every day (even Christmas day) and at the same time. This would be tedious and time consuming.
The people who collect the data may be off sick or the readings may be made incorrectly.
It is only worth analysing a complete set of data.
(f)
  Change the instruction WAIT 30 to WAIT 15 keeping the other instructions the same.
(g)
(i)

(ii)
Once the computer gets to the last instruction it stops. Need a looping instruction.
At the end write RETURN (or a similar looping statement).
(h)
  Need a validation program with a range check to prevent silly values being stored.
 
Examination Questions (page 339)
1(a)
  Data Logging
(b)
(i)
(ii)
Heat/temperature sensor.
To take the temperature at set times during the day.
(c)
(i)
(ii)

(iii)
Any figure in the range 5 to 30 minutes.
A sufficient number of readings should be taken so that an accurate graph can be produced.
As a table or graph/chart.
 
2(a)
  Boxes should be filled in the following order: Download information; Add information to regional weather file; Save regional weather file.
(b)
  Need to have a diagram in the following order: Computer at the regional weather centre-modem-telephone network-modem-computer at remote weather station.
(c)
(i)




(ii)
Following should be ticked: Restarting the system wastes time as the same information may be collected from the same remote weather stations on several occasions. The information available is not collected if part of the system is faulty.
Systems analysis and design Monitoring and evaluation
(d)
  It is quicker since you do not need to visit the weather stations to collect the information. It is more reliable-data is always collected regularly at the same time. It is cheaper to collect the information since no need for extra employees to pick up the data. System is expensive to set up. Breaks in communication lines are hard to find.
     
3(a)
(i) Wind speed is continuous, so it is an analogue quantity.
(ii) An analogue to digital converter.
 
(b)
Any two similar to the following:
Readings may be taken regularly even during holidays.
The readings will be more accurate as there is no human error.
No need to input the data into the computer.
Data can be processed immediately.